Ms Park, the ruling Saenuri Party candidate, defeated her liberal rival Moon Jae-in in Wednesday's election.
Speaking after a visit to honour late leaders, she pledged again to "open a new era" on the Korean Peninsula.
The North has not yet commented on her victory, but earlier labelled the Saenuri Party "maniacs".
A dispatch from state media outlet KCNA, released on Wednesday, accused the party of escalating tension on the peninsula during President Lee Myung-bak's time in office.
"All facts prove that the Saenuri Party is a group of traitors who stoop to any infamy to realise its ambition to seize power," the story said.
The North launched a rocket that put a satellite into orbit last week, a move condemned by the international community as a banned test of missile technology.
'Strong security'Ms Park, daughter of former military strongman Park Chung-hee, will become South Korea's first female president.
US President Barack Obama congratulated her, calling South Korea "a lynchpin" of security in Asia.
"Our two nations share a global partnership with deep economic, security and people-to-people ties," Mr Obama said in a statement.
Continue reading the main story Daughter of former President Park Chung-heeServed as South Korea's first lady after her mother was murdered by a North Korean gunman in 1974First elected to the national assembly in 1998; first bid for the presidency in 2007Has promised to redistribute wealth, reform big conglomerates and seek greater engagement with North KoreaThe election race saw high turnout, with 75.8% of the electorate casting their ballots. With more than 99% of the vote counted, Ms Park had won 51.6% of the vote to Mr Moon's 48%.Economic issues including welfare spending, job creation and inequality had dominated campaigning, while the national security focus fell on North Korea.
"The launch of North Korea's long-range missile symbolically showed how grave the security situation facing us is," Ms Park said after a visit to the National Cemetery to pay her respects to former leaders.
"I will keep the promise I made to you to open a new era on the Korean peninsula, based on strong security and trust-based diplomacy."
Relations with North Korea under Mr Lee - who linked the provision of aid to progress on denuclearisation - have been poor.
Ms Park has promised greater engagement than her predecessor and the possible resumption of aid, but also a robust defence.
South Korea is also one of several nations currently seeking a strong response to North Korea's recent rocket launch in the UN Security Council.
On the economy, the president-elect said she would work "to make the society share economic benefits without anybody isolated from the fruits of the economic growth".
Economic growth has fallen to about 2% after several decades in which it averaged 5.5%.
And in an apparent nod to tensions with Japan over a territorial dispute and historical issues, she said she would work for " greater reconciliation, co-operation and peace in North East Asia based on correct perception of history".
Ms Park's defeated rival, former human rights lawyer Mr Moon, also offered his congratulations, saying he accepted the outcome of the polls.
"I feel so sorry and guilty that I have failed to accomplish my historic mission to open a new era of politics," he said.
Ms Park's campaign was both bolstered and dogged by the legacy of her father, who built South Korea's economy while crushing dissent.
With the country having split almost equally along party lines, the BBC's Seoul correspondent Lucy Williamson says Ms Park will have to work hard to improve relations with her detractors.
North Korea says it arrested a US citizen for unspecified alleged crimes on 3 November.